Facial Trauma

Facial Trauma

Facial trauma is an injury of the face. It may include the facial bones such as the upper jaw bone (maxilla).

Facial Trauma Causes

Facial injuries can affect the lower jaw, upper jaw, cheek, nose, eye socket or forehead. They may be caused by blunt force or be the result of a wound.

Common causes of injury to the face include:

  • Car and motorcycle crashes
  • Wounds
  • Sports injuries
  • Violence

Facial Trauma Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

  • Changes in feeling over the face
  • Deformed or uneven face or facial bones
  • Difficulty breathing through the nose due to swelling and bleeding
  • Double vision
  • Missing teeth
  • Swelling or bruising around the eyes that may cause vision problems

Tests & Exams for Facial Trauma

The health care provider will perform a physical exam, which may show:

  • Bleeding from the nose, eyes, or mouth
  • Nasal blockage
  • Breaks in the skin (lacerations)
  • Bruising around the eyes or widening of the distance between the eyes, which may mean injury to the bones between the eye sockets
  • Changes in vision or the movement of the eyes
  • Improperly aligned upper and lower teeth

 

The following may suggest bone fractures:

  • Abnormal feelings on the cheek
  • Irregularities of the face that can be felt by touching
  • Movement of the upper jaw when the head is still

 

A CT scan of the head and bones of the face may be done.

Treatment for Facial Trauma

Surgery is done if the injury prevents normal functioning or causes a major deformity.

The main goal of treatment is:

  • Control bleeding
  • Create a clear airway
  • Treat the fracture and fix broken bone segments
  • Prevent scars, if possible
  • Prevent long-term double vision or sunken eyes or cheek bones
  • Rule out other injuries

 

Treatment should be done as soon as possible if the person is stable and does not have a neck fracture.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Most people feel well with proper treatment. Some surgery may be needed in 6 to 12 months in appearance.

Possible Complications

Complications may include:

  • Bleeding
  • Uneven face
  • Infection
  • Brain and nervous system problems
  • Numbness or weakness
  • Loss of vision or double vision

Prevention

Wear seat belts while driving.

Use protective head gear when doing work or activities that could injure the face.

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